Tasks FoR ChapTer TwO

QUESTION 10 : OF ALL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN A COUNTRY (INCLUSIVE OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITIC), WHICH OF THOSE THAT SHOULD BE GIVEN MORE EMPHASIS RIGHT NOW AND WHY?

In our opinion,political aspect should be given more emphasis right now because the political will influence the social and economic of the country. When crisis happens in politics it will affect the economy condition and the social. If the political is stable, the development of the country can run smoothly. We take Indonesia as our example. Corruption is rampantly and it effects the stability of the political field. However, when the political is close to the people it can influence the society. The society itself will choose the representative. They will voice their needs and rights to the elected representative so that the responsible representative will lead the government knows and the government will take the actions. The changes in social will happen when there is a crisis in politics. The people will not unite and work together because they have the differences in political interest. The political aspect also effect the economy of a country because when politic is stable, the economy will improve and it attaches foreign countries to invest in our country. It is one of the ways to improve our economy by having international relations. As a conclusion, political aspect plays an important role in development of a country. When politic is stable, it will affects the economic condition and social stability.

QUESTION 11 : IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT WOULD BE THE APPROPRIATE THEME IN ILLUSTRATING THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT SITUATION IN MALAYSIA AND JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER.

In our opinion, the appropriate theme for illustrating the current development situation in Malaysia is in 1980s. It shows the improving the capacity of public and private institution. Nowadays, the public and private sector have balance in significance. Both sectors need each other. By doing this both section can exchange knowledge and it will develop the country.

Privatization program involve the transfer of government equities to the private sector. It can reduce the government's burden. It also increase the government competency. Malaysia has implement the privatization policy and it becomes a role models for the other countries. For example, TELEKOM, Klang Port Authorities and TNB.

Distribution policy also can illustrate the current development situation in Malaysia right now. It is related to taxation. The higher income level people must pay the tax so that the government will use the money for the welfare of the society. So that, it can minimize the gap between the richer and the poorer. The example is the implementation of NEP.

Besides that, the responsive value and accountability also can illustrate the current development situation in Malaysia. It shows how fast the govenrment reacts toward people's needs and demands. Public officials accountability was referred as the feeling of being responsible in all actions taken by them in performing their duties.

Decentralization of development project also illustrate the current development situation in Malaysia nowadays. By practicing decentralization it can improve the services of the public servant. Their performance will become effectiveness and efficiency. For example, Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara (JPN).



QUESTION 12 : ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF SECURING FOREIGN AID TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY.


According to Morrissey, (2001) in general, aid is found to have a positive impact on economic growth through several mechanisms which are aid increases investment, aid increases the capacity to import capital goods or technology, aid does not have an adverse impact on investment and savings and aid increases the capital productivity and promotes endogenous technical change. The related institutions that responsible to give foreign aid to the development of a country are The World Bank, International Monetary Funds (IMF) etc. In our opinion, based on Morrissey (2001) there are positive impacts of securing foreign aid to the development of a country but in fact, there are a lot of negative impacts. In practice, securing foreign aid are often harmful to economic development if implemented badly. Meaning that we should manage the fund properly and effectively to avoid the negative impact to the country. We think that the government should comply with the rules put by the borrower as long as the rules are not giving bad impacts to our country in the future. Of course the borrower like IMF and World Bank will impose a rule which giving some benefits to them. Probably the rules may contain their own agenda. The government should negotiate and identify the consequences before they sign an agreement with the borrower. The government also have to find the best way to solve the problems before seeking for foreign aid. For example in Malaysia, during Tun Dr Mahathir rules, in 1997, when there are economic recession, he dare to refuse the foreign aid. He decided to spend the government money only for important things in order to solve the economic crisis. If the government do not think forward before deciding to receive the foreign aid, the country will probably suffer an economic unstability. For example, Indonesian facing a problem regarding the payment to the borrower because of the increasing interests. The money was used in wrong purpose especially the corruption. Besides that, Indonesia also facing the political instability. As a result, the Indonesian become poorer than before and they have to comply whatever rules made by the borrower. If not, they will probably lost their country.

QUESTION 13 : SHOULD GOVERNMENT ADOPT THE PRIVATE SECTOR METHODS IN ADMINISTERING PUBLIC AFFAIRS?

We think that the government should adopt the private sector methods in terms of services. Comparison between public and private sector shows that the services in private is more effective and efficient because the private emphasis more on the satisfaction of the customer. So the government should adopt this kind of method which the government should improve the quality of services which emphasis the satisfaction of the public. The obvious example is the medical centre. If we look at the medical centre services and the government hospital services, there are lot of differences in terms of counter service, how the nurse serve the patient, the facilities and equipments and also the expertise. Other than that, the government also should adopt the work ethic of the private sector in administering the public affairs. The work ethic means how they carry the responsibilities in their work. The private sector workers are more committed with their work. This matter shown by how the private sectors follow the policy such as client charter. They will implement all the principals in the client charter.

However, the government should adopt only in terms of services and work ethic and not in gaining profit. This is because the government should care about the welfare of the society. If the government are obtaining profit by the services, it will be a burden to the society. The lower income group can not afford the cost of the services.