Task 3: Chapter 3

ISSUE: HOMOSEXUAL

The Components

1) Identity of Change

The homosexual problem can be seen nowadays which it leads to lack of moral values among the society. This issue may be lessening the potential for the family institution to be continued. This means that the homosexual person is not able to produce offspring when they get married to the same sex.

2) Level of Change

The group that relates to this issue is the young generation, majority. In fact, some of the homosexual people are the old generation. The young generation is mostly involve in homosexual because of they be easily influenced by the western culture.

3) Duration of Change

This kind of issue is unplanned and quantitative. The social change happens in a long period of time, where we can find that homosexual happened a long time ago and this culture is still exist and continue these days.

4) Magnitude of Change

The magnitude of change of this issue is incremental. It is because the number of homosexual people in this world is increasing from day to day.

5) Rate of Change

The homosexual phenomenon still exists and there is no strict law or action taken by the authority to go against this group. This means that the rate of change is continuous. The government itself must come out with specific rule that will prohibit the homosexual group but there is still no further action is taken by the government.

The Variables

1) Technology

The homosexual group is being influenced by internet, television and etc. Mass media plays the important part fro influencing people to become gay. This group is being influenced via watching inappropriate movies and idolized the persons who play the gay roles in the movies.

2) Ideology

People who involve in the homosexual problem are tending to believe and count on people who are as the same sex as theirs. They are interested in believe in them because of their horrible past experiences to not to trust the different gender.

3) Conflict

The homosexual phenomenon is happening because of the inner conflict between the person and his/her family, friends and society. The homosexual person is more interested in having a relationship with the same gender in order to release the conflict happens to him/her.

4) Structural Strains

The homosexual culture is clashing with our culture and religion, so do to other religions. All religions in this world seen the normal love affair between two different genders is acceptable and not with the two same gender. It will lead to a lot of social problems and give bad impacts towards the person who involve in this problem.

Teacher's Note

Task 1 – definition of DA
If it is neither a system, nor an action, then, what is it? Be precise when you defining the concept. I’m sure that all of you understand our discussion in the last class about the whole definitions very well. But, when it comes to makes your own definition you don’t have to replicate the definitions given by those scholars. Just feel free to formulate your own understanding and define it. For example, why don’t you justify the obstacle in development to be developed as a concept in defining DA? I think that point really cool to work with. Try again, ok? [Spelling mistakes – deduction]


Task 2 – why do we need development?
Good answer (well, if after this you get hate-comment for receiving such good compliment from me, just ignore it. It is their problem if they don’t agree with me :p).


Task 2 – What are the significance of administration in development?
The significance is clear. But, it sound better if you can come out with several case studies that may justify the establishment of those government agencies. You also may consider doing comparative study on cases that being administered before and after the establishment of those agencies. For example, how development is done in Malaysia before the ICU came into existence.

Somehow, I just couldn’t understand why Putrajaya was regarded as successful of DA case when you defining DA is something else in the first place? Enlighten me, please.


Task 2 – The differences between nations

I have no comment on these since most of the group gets the answer from the same source. However, none of the group acknowledges the sources. Deduction for that.

Note: you can create link to that source and don’t have to write the whole URL. Highlight the key word, then click at “link” icon, type the URL, voila!



TASK 3 – The relevancy of Development Administration to:

Human and Social Dimension of Development:
I don’t think I understand what you are talking about except some facts here and there.



Economic Development:
Well defined – but be précised with your example. A budget is not more than a blueprint for government expenditure, but the real use of budget all that matter.



Political Development:

“For example, the politics in Malaysia where there are General Election.”

Huh??



Public Administration Development (Reinventing Public Sector) :
OK … but how would you reinvent the public sector? No explanation.
The example given is too simple … how JPN reinvienting their department? What they did? No explanation either.






Result:
Overall group performance: 6.5/10

Individual group performance:
Norfarhanis Bt Mahamad Sukri: 6/10
Nur Natasha Bt Asmit: 6/10
Raja Nurmunira Binti Raja Harman Shah: 5.5/10
Syaza Ain Binti Sazely: 5/10
Normaizura Binti Mohd Shukri: 5/10
Nur Faradiana Bte Mohamed: 5/10

Grade of the day:

Tasks FoR ChapTer TwO

QUESTION 10 : OF ALL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN A COUNTRY (INCLUSIVE OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITIC), WHICH OF THOSE THAT SHOULD BE GIVEN MORE EMPHASIS RIGHT NOW AND WHY?

In our opinion,political aspect should be given more emphasis right now because the political will influence the social and economic of the country. When crisis happens in politics it will affect the economy condition and the social. If the political is stable, the development of the country can run smoothly. We take Indonesia as our example. Corruption is rampantly and it effects the stability of the political field. However, when the political is close to the people it can influence the society. The society itself will choose the representative. They will voice their needs and rights to the elected representative so that the responsible representative will lead the government knows and the government will take the actions. The changes in social will happen when there is a crisis in politics. The people will not unite and work together because they have the differences in political interest. The political aspect also effect the economy of a country because when politic is stable, the economy will improve and it attaches foreign countries to invest in our country. It is one of the ways to improve our economy by having international relations. As a conclusion, political aspect plays an important role in development of a country. When politic is stable, it will affects the economic condition and social stability.

QUESTION 11 : IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT WOULD BE THE APPROPRIATE THEME IN ILLUSTRATING THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT SITUATION IN MALAYSIA AND JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER.

In our opinion, the appropriate theme for illustrating the current development situation in Malaysia is in 1980s. It shows the improving the capacity of public and private institution. Nowadays, the public and private sector have balance in significance. Both sectors need each other. By doing this both section can exchange knowledge and it will develop the country.

Privatization program involve the transfer of government equities to the private sector. It can reduce the government's burden. It also increase the government competency. Malaysia has implement the privatization policy and it becomes a role models for the other countries. For example, TELEKOM, Klang Port Authorities and TNB.

Distribution policy also can illustrate the current development situation in Malaysia right now. It is related to taxation. The higher income level people must pay the tax so that the government will use the money for the welfare of the society. So that, it can minimize the gap between the richer and the poorer. The example is the implementation of NEP.

Besides that, the responsive value and accountability also can illustrate the current development situation in Malaysia. It shows how fast the govenrment reacts toward people's needs and demands. Public officials accountability was referred as the feeling of being responsible in all actions taken by them in performing their duties.

Decentralization of development project also illustrate the current development situation in Malaysia nowadays. By practicing decentralization it can improve the services of the public servant. Their performance will become effectiveness and efficiency. For example, Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara (JPN).



QUESTION 12 : ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF SECURING FOREIGN AID TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COUNTRY.


According to Morrissey, (2001) in general, aid is found to have a positive impact on economic growth through several mechanisms which are aid increases investment, aid increases the capacity to import capital goods or technology, aid does not have an adverse impact on investment and savings and aid increases the capital productivity and promotes endogenous technical change. The related institutions that responsible to give foreign aid to the development of a country are The World Bank, International Monetary Funds (IMF) etc. In our opinion, based on Morrissey (2001) there are positive impacts of securing foreign aid to the development of a country but in fact, there are a lot of negative impacts. In practice, securing foreign aid are often harmful to economic development if implemented badly. Meaning that we should manage the fund properly and effectively to avoid the negative impact to the country. We think that the government should comply with the rules put by the borrower as long as the rules are not giving bad impacts to our country in the future. Of course the borrower like IMF and World Bank will impose a rule which giving some benefits to them. Probably the rules may contain their own agenda. The government should negotiate and identify the consequences before they sign an agreement with the borrower. The government also have to find the best way to solve the problems before seeking for foreign aid. For example in Malaysia, during Tun Dr Mahathir rules, in 1997, when there are economic recession, he dare to refuse the foreign aid. He decided to spend the government money only for important things in order to solve the economic crisis. If the government do not think forward before deciding to receive the foreign aid, the country will probably suffer an economic unstability. For example, Indonesian facing a problem regarding the payment to the borrower because of the increasing interests. The money was used in wrong purpose especially the corruption. Besides that, Indonesia also facing the political instability. As a result, the Indonesian become poorer than before and they have to comply whatever rules made by the borrower. If not, they will probably lost their country.

QUESTION 13 : SHOULD GOVERNMENT ADOPT THE PRIVATE SECTOR METHODS IN ADMINISTERING PUBLIC AFFAIRS?

We think that the government should adopt the private sector methods in terms of services. Comparison between public and private sector shows that the services in private is more effective and efficient because the private emphasis more on the satisfaction of the customer. So the government should adopt this kind of method which the government should improve the quality of services which emphasis the satisfaction of the public. The obvious example is the medical centre. If we look at the medical centre services and the government hospital services, there are lot of differences in terms of counter service, how the nurse serve the patient, the facilities and equipments and also the expertise. Other than that, the government also should adopt the work ethic of the private sector in administering the public affairs. The work ethic means how they carry the responsibilities in their work. The private sector workers are more committed with their work. This matter shown by how the private sectors follow the policy such as client charter. They will implement all the principals in the client charter.

However, the government should adopt only in terms of services and work ethic and not in gaining profit. This is because the government should care about the welfare of the society. If the government are obtaining profit by the services, it will be a burden to the society. The lower income group can not afford the cost of the services.

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TASK 1 : If you were about to redefine development administration, how it would be?what ratinal of the definition?

Answer: Development administration is a field and sub-field under public administration. it is neither a system and action. the government itself will manage, administer and control the process of administration in a nation. the governemnt will elect the programs and projects that suitable for the people to develop the country. every field has its own obstacle including in the field of development administration. its major obstacle is the development itself.

TASK 2 : a)Why do we need development?

Answer: We do need the development to measure our economic development. the indicators for the economic development are the Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We need to measure the economic development because we can reduce poverty in the country. Besides, we need to develop the society. As we know the society is the manpower in the development. the society plays the imprtant role to generate the development. To change the mentality of the society, one of the tools to use is the education. With education, society will think further and out of box. Another reason why do we need development is involving the political development. In political development, we need the political participation. Political participation is those things that makes people participate. The society has the right to voice up their minds and people aware of the things happen surrounding them in the means of the political development.

TASK 2 : b) What are the significance of administration in development?

Answer : The significance of administration in development is to supervise the plan and policy of the development. The development need administration in order to implement the development program and activities successfully. For example, in Malaysia, we do have central agency which is a mechanism or tools to supervise the development. Under this central agency, one of the mechanism is the ICU (Implementation Coodination Unit). Hence, the function of this unit s to synchronize and implement the development policy.
Besides, the administration is important to ensure the development run smoothly. This is because the development program being controlled and managed by the administration. The good administration are able to control and administer each part of the development process. For example, Putrajaya which shows the successful of development administration.

TASK 2 : c) What are the differences between:

i - Developed Nations
Developed nations is advanced countries. They achieve high level on industrial and High Human Development Index. Examples, for the countries are U.S.A., JAPAN, RUSSIA, FRANCE,KOREA.

ii- Developing Nations
Developing Nations is the countries are not reached the standard of developed countries. They have sources but not reached the standard to become developed country. Examples are Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand.

iii- Least Developed Nations
Least Developed Nations is the third world countries. The nations are not reaching its maturity. They have the sources but they do not use tem to the fullest for their socio-economics. This category is lacking of job opportunity and health care, etc. Examples are Afrika, Bangladesh and Myanmar.

iv- Under Developed Nations
Under Developed Nations also known as the forth world countries. They have the lowest indicators of socio-economics developement. They also have the lowest Human Developmet
Index, low income and weakness of human resources. The economy for these countries are vulnerabelity. Examples are Samoa and Bostwana.

TASK 3 : Find out the relevancy of Development Administration to:

a) Human and Social Dimension of Development: Biologically, Human Developmet is the process of growing to maturity. It involve physically and mentally. In physically, it effects starting from since we were little to present day. We can see the development to our bodies. In mentally, it involve how we carry out ourselves in public, we manage to become open minded, think widely and solve some problems. Social development is the social changes in society. Social dimension of social and its recognition of the positive and negative outcomes that social can generate positively from the knowledge, welfare, etc and negatively from the bad influence. How we can relates to the development administration is without the society participates in any kind of programs plan by government, it is impossible to generate the development. For example, cooperation between people and government.

b)Economic Development : Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well being of their in habitants. It is the efforts that seek to improve the economic well being and quality of life for country by creating jobs and supporting or growing incomes and tax based. Economic development is different from the economic growth. How it can relates to the development administration is by having the development in the economy, the development administration can run smoothly with reducing the poverty by giving and offering job opportunity to the society. By doing this, more output can be produced and increse the economy of the country. For example, the yearly Budget in Malaysia.

c)Political Development : Political development is the society aware of the things and actions taken by the politician and the government. In political development, it must have the participation from the political. It means that the political participation are those thing that will make people interested to participate. It has the empowerment to make things happen. It relates to the development administration by the leadership of the country. It is about how to choose the correct leader to rule and formulate the programs or activities to the development of the country. It will effects the stability of the country. For example, the politics in Malaysia where there are General Election.

d)Public Administration Development (Reinventing Public Sector) : Reinventing public sector in public adminstration development is to create and give a new fresh look or system to make it easier and comfortable to the public. The needs of this reinventing are it will improve and produce the high level and skill of services in the public sector. Besides, by reinventing public sector, they will become more effective and efficient in doing their works. How it relates to the development administration is by reinventing public sector from lower level to the higher level, it will improve the services and the society will feel satisfy and automatically, it will generate the development of the country because the participation form the society. For example,Jabatan Pendaftaran Negara, they improve their quality of services.

Thats all from our group...all viewers are welcomed to read and dont forget to leave us a comment!!! bYe2..(",)